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Chemical warfare.
In: Salem Press Encyclopedia of Science, 2023-11-01, S. 3
Online
Nachschlagewerk
Zugriff:
Rudimentary forms of chemical warfare were utilized as early as the twelfth century BCE. Poisons of different kinds were used to destroy livestock and armies’ food supplies, with varying degrees of success, through the centuries. New World versions of chemical warfare measures include the arming of arrows, darts, and spears with batrachotoxins extracted from the poison dart frog in the tropics of Latin America. Modern chemical warfare was introduced during the early years of World War I, when French chemists loaded tear gas into small, hand-thrown bombs to be used by French troops to drive German soldiers out of their trenches. In response, German chemists manufactured chlorine gas, which was released from canisters downwind of the Russian army on the eastern front, marking the first time that lethal chemical weapons were used on a massive scale by any army. France responded with phosgene gas loaded in artillery shells, and before the end of the war all the major combatants were using chemical weapons. Gas masks became standard issue for soldiers of all sides on all fronts.
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Chemical warfare.
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Autor/in / Beteiligte Person: | Smith, Dwight G. |
Zeitschrift: | Salem Press Encyclopedia of Science, 2023-11-01, S. 3 |
Veröffentlichung: | 2023 |
Medientyp: | Nachschlagewerk |
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