(Composite Map to) L'Alta Germania compresovi l'Impero d'Austria fogli sei, dell'A. B. Borghi. Firenze 1819. : Atlante generale dell'Ab. Bartolomeo Borghi, corredato di prospetti istorici-politici-civili-naturali di ciascheduno stato. Publicato a spese di Rosa Parigi, e del cre. Giulio Cesare Bertolini sotto la ditta Aristide Parigi e compo. e dai medesimi dedicato alla loro patria. Firenze 1819. : Composite: L'Alta Germania compresovi l'Impero d'Austria fogli sei.

Composite map to La Bassa Germania con tutti i cambiamenti fatti ivi fino al presente, Engraved political map of southern Germany, with hand-colored outlines delineating boundaries. Title translates to: [Lower Germany ..]. Shows political boundaries, topography, drainage, coastlines, islands and routes of travel. Relief shown pictorially. With latitudinal and longitudinal lines, as well as two bar scales and a descriptive note. Imprint beneath title. Map comprised of four sheets on plates 64-67. Together, sheets are 44 x 60 cm, on sheets 70 x 94 cm. Descriptive text appears on prior plate (63).

Borghi Bartolomeo’s Atlante generale [= General atlas], published in Florence in 1819. Borghi - Italian writer, mathematician and geographer - was born in 1750 in Monte del Lago, on the shores of Lake Trasimeno. Atlante generale was his main work. The atlas reflects the new geopolitical structure implemented by the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815). Bound in vellum-covered board, with marbled pattern. Abbreviated atlas title is gilded along spine, with authorship, publication place and year, in Roman numerals. Includes a portrait of Borghi engraved by Giuseppe Canacci. Also includes an index preceding maps. Collation: 175 plates. 137 of those plates contain engraved maps with hand-colored outlines. Some maps are composed of multiple plates (such as northern and southern parts), bringing the total number of complete maps to 123. Descriptive text precedes maps and includes tables listing geographical divisions. Maps show political boundaries, topography, drainage, coastlines, islands and routes of travel. Some maps show historical geography, including the ancient world, eras of political dominance such as that of the Ottoman Empire, the 18th century, and the 19th century, up to the time of publication. Maps of the Americas feature territories of indigenous peoples, and also delineate areas unexplored by Europeans. "a rare and important Italian atlas. The library of the Senato della Repubblica only acquired a copyof this atlas this year (2008); the atlas is described on the library’s web site as “one of the rarest specimens complete.” Valerio described this work as “the most important Florentine atlas…[It] remained an unsurpassed model for many other lesser and larger works.” One of the most important aspects of the atlas is that it incorporatedthe new geo-political contours of Europe decided upon at the Congress of Vienna held at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Accordingly, the 12 mapsof Italy and its various parts likewise reflect the new political order. Heldbetween November, 1814 and June, 1815 and chaired by the Austrian statesman, C. W. von Metternich, the Congress sought to re-draw the mapof Europe after the defeat of Napoleonic France in the previous year. Theresulting political changes for Italy were many, among them being the reestablishmentof traditional monarchies in the kingdoms of Sardinia, Sicily and Naples; the rule of the Hapsburg princes being re-established in the duchies of Tuscany and Modena; the restoration and extension of papalauthority in the Papal States; and a number of other changes. Accompanying text in the atlas explains the geo-political changes made inItaly and elsewhere.The atlas also gives close attention to the mapping of North America and is quite up-to-date in this regard. In addition to a single-sheet map of NorthAmerica, there is also a much more detailed four-sheet depiction of North America. One of the sheets has surprisingly good detail for the West,incorporating quite fully Lewis and Clark information. Another of the sheets has a well-detailed inset of the Northwest. Vermiglioli, in his biographical dictionary of Perugian writers, described Bartolomeo Borghi (1750-1821) as “one of the greatest geographers of Europe.” Early in his career, he was involved in the production of severalcartographic works, both his own and those of others, that were primarily of local Italian interest. The present atlas, however, is considered “his mostimportant work.”"(Martayan Lan (2019)

Not in Cremonini; Valerio, V. in Library of Congress, Images of the World, pp. 275-76; Valerio, V. “Italian atlases and their makers” in The Map Collector, Issue 45, pp. 11 & 14, atlas no. 25; Phillips 735; Tooley’s Dictionary of Mapmakers, A-D, p. 166; web site: http://www.senato.it/index.htm (search site under ‘borghi’ and click on first item).