An Analytical Comparison of Tradition of Islam's Prophet in Management of Muslim Warriors with Caliphs' Era

Prophet (Peace be upon him)’s methodology in managing of wars and Muslim warriors in comparison with caliphs' period is one of significant discussions which requires fundamental and multidimensional investigations. Comparison of Prophet (Peace be upon him)’s management of wars and Muslim warriors with three first caliphs is one of the substantial subjects that its study and explanation can not only solve many of subsequent uncertainties of changes in early history of Islam but also clarify intrigues of Imam Ali’s caliphate. This essay tries to investigate the Prophet of Islam (Peace be upon him)’s methodology in wars and management of Muslim warriors in comparison with the caliphs' policies based on original references and comparative-analytical approach. The main questions of present research are: what is the difference between Prophet of Islam (Peace be upon him)’s methodology and caliphs in managing wars and Muslim Warriors? And what were the effects of these two different policies on future of Islamic society? It seems that Prophet (Peace be upon him)’s methodology was based on commandments and justice. However, during the periods of Caliphs, this procedure became based on unfair treatment and giving privilege according to interests during Caliphs' era. Consequently, such procedure not only led to the turning of Islamic society into class system and conflict of interests but also resulted in emerge of intrigues including Jamal, Saffeyn and Nahravan wars that took place after 35 A.H.