Prevalence and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in samples of surveillance swabs from patients in a hospital unit in Nova Prata, RS ; PREVALÊNCIA E MECANISMOS DE RESISTÊNCIA ANTIMICROBIANA EM AMOSTRAS DE SWABS DE VIGILÂNCIA DE PACIENTES INTERNADOS EM UMA UNIDADE HOSPITALAR DE NOVA PRATA, RS

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance of isolated bacteria (rectal, nasal and skin samples) of patients in a hospital unit in the city of Nova Prata, RS. Methods: Data were collected from 377 reports from the Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (SCIH) issued between January 2018 and December 2021 available in the electronic system of a clinical analysis laboratory located in Nova Prata, RS. Data included the year of sample collection, sample type, microorganisms isolated and their resistance mechanisms. Reports that contained information regarding the initiation of the patient's treatment with antimicrobials were excluded. Results: Overall, the prevalence of positive cases corresponding to isolated bacteria was 39.8% (150/377) over the entire study period. The lowest and highest rates were verified in the years 2018 and 2020, respectively, and in 2018, no sample analyzed was positive. In 2019, 44% (4/9) of the samples were positive, and the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) was the most prevalent, being isolated from 75% of the positive samples (3/4). In 2020, 43% (53/122) of the samples were positive, with the Escherichia coli producer of β-lactamases of extended-spectrum (ESBL) present in 32% (17/53), followed by Enterobacter cloacae ESBL and K. pneumoniae carbapenemase. In the year 2021, 40% (93/230) of the samples had a positive result, and the E. coli ESBL was the most prevalent, present in 57% (53/93) of positive samples. Finally, a higher prevalence of positive samples collected from the rectal and skin sites was found. Final considerations: The present study showed an increase in resistant bacteria in 2020 and 2021, which coincides with the covid-19 pandemic. Thus, it is essential to implement procedures that contribute to improving the control of resistant microorganisms in the municipality. ; Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e os mecanismos de resistência antimicrobiana de bactérias isoladas em amostras (das regiões retal, nasal e pele) de ...