Risques climatiques et sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle au Niger : cartographie des impacts et des besoins de résilience ; Climate risks and food and nutrition security in Niger: mapping of impacts and resilience needs

Since the great droughts of the 1970s and even today, climate risks have been the major challenge facing by the main agricultural and pastoral activities in the Sahel and particularly in Niger. This article maps the impacts of climate threats on food security in three regions of Niger and suggests resilience solutions. The vulnerability analysis approach describing the cause-and-effect relationships between climate change and its impacts on populations, economic sectors, and socio-ecological systems, associated with the notion of impact chains inspired from the ClimProspect model, is used to characterize exposure, sensitivity, and potential impacts. The analysis shows that drought constitutes the main risk which affects agro-silvopastoral production through reductions in food production, the number of animals and their productivity, agricultural income, the disappearance of certain valuable tree species with the consequence of food insecurity and even food and nutrition crises and entrenched poverty. The factors that explain the vulnerability of rural households to food crises are land degradation and insufficiency, poverty, dysfunction of mechanisms and devices for crisis prevention and management and especially the rainfed and rudimentary nature of agro-pastoral activities. They are grouped into four groups - V1, V2, V3 and V4 - serving as benchmarks or decision support tools for efficient and effective responses established in the form of classes of climate risk resilience needs. ; Depuis les grandes sécheresses des années 70 et aujourd’hui encore, les risques climatiques sont le défi majeur auquel font face les principales activités agricoles et pastorales au Sahel et particulièrement au Niger. Cet article fait la cartographie des impacts des menaces climatiques sur la sécurité alimentaire dans trois régions du Niger et propose des solutions de résilience. L’approche d’analyse de la vulnérabilité décrivant les relations de cause à effet entre les changements climatiques et leurs impacts sur les populations, ...