POTREBE I VAŽNOST MASNIH KISELINA U HRANIDBI RIBA ; THE NEEDS AND IMPORTANCE OF FATTY ACIDS IN THE NUTRITION OF FISH

Prema potrebama za esencijalnim masnim kiselinama ribe se mogu svrstati u tri skupine. Za ribe iz porodice Salrrwnidae (Oncorhynhcus kisutch, O. keta, O. nerka i O. tshawytscha) esencijalna je 18 : 3 ω u količini od 1 %. Isti učinak glede prirasta i hranidbenog koeficijenta postiže se dodatkom VNMK (visokonezasićenih masnih kiselina) ω 3 reda u količini od 9,5 %. Zahtjevnija od ostalih riba za 20 : 5 ω 3 i 22 : 6 ω 3 jest kalifornijska pastrva (Oncorhynhcus mykiss) čije potrebe iznose 1 %. Za ribe iz porodice Coregonidae (Coregonus lavaretus, C. peled i C. nasus) esencijalna je 18:3 ω 3 u količini od 1 % ili kombinacija 20 : ω 3 (0,25 %) i 22 : 6 ω 3 (0,25 %). Toplovodne ribe iz porodice Anguillidae (Anguilla anguilla i A. japonicat, Cyprinidae (Cyprinus carpio), Ictaluridae (letalurus punctatus) imaju potrebe za 18 : 2 ω 6 i 18 : 3 ω 3 u količini od 1 - 2 % ili VNMK 0,5 - 1 %. Masne kiseline ω 6 reda (18 : 2 ω 6 ili 20 : 4 ω 6) bitne su za ribe iz porodice Cichlidae (Tilapia zillii i Orechromis nilaticus) u iznosu od 1 %. Morske ribe Rhombus maximus i Pagnus major postižu najbolji prirast kada s hranom dobiavju VNMK ω 3 reda do 2 %. Ranketljive masti, eruka-kiselina iz repičinog ulja, gosipol i ciklopropenoidna kiselina iz ulja sjemenki pamuka dodani u riblju hranu uzrokuju zaostajanje u porastu i patološke promjene na jetri, bubrezima, srcu i škrgama riba. ; According to the needs for the essential fatty acids, the fish can be classified in three groups: For the fish from Salrrwnidae family (Oncorhynhcus kisutch, O. keta, O. nerka and O. tshawytscha) the essential is 18: 3 in the quantity of 1%. The same effect in regard to growth and nutrition coefficient can be achieved with the addition of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUF A) ω 3 rows in the quantity of 9. 5%. The Californian trout (Oncorhynhcus mykiss) is needier than the other fish for 20: 5 ω 3 and 22: 6 ω 3. Its needs is 1%. For the fish from Coregonidae family (Coregonus lavaretus, C. peled and C. nasus) the essential is 18: 3 ω 3 in the quantity of 1% or the combination 20: 5 ω 3 (o. 25%) and 22: 6 ω 3 (O. 25%). Fresh-water fish from the Anguillidae family (Anguilla anguilla and A. japonicai, Cyprinidae family (Cyprinus carpio), Ictaluridae family (lctalurus punctatus) have needs for 18: 2 ω 3 in the quantity of 1-2% or RUFA O. 5-1%. The fatty acids ω 6 row (18: 2 ω) 6 or 20: 4 ω 6) are important for the fish from Cichlidae family (Tilapia zillii and Orechromis nilaticus) in the quantity of 1%. Te sea fish Rhombus maximus and Pagnus major achieve the best growth when they receive HUFA ω 3 row up to 2% together with the food. Rancid ointment, eruk-acid from the rape oil, gosipol and cyclophrophenoid acid from the cotton seeds oil if added to fish food cause the reduced growth and pathologic changes on fish liver, kidneys, heart and gills.