漳州窯的始燒及從「平順沉船」看景德鎮窯技術的傳入

This thesis explores the rise of Zhangzhou (Swatow) ware, an important group of Chinese export porcelain produced by civilian kilns in Zhangzhou, Southern China, during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The production of Chinese export porcelain in the Fujian region bloomed after the arrival of European merchants in China. As the global market expanded, the consumption and trade of Zhangzhou ware grew drastically within the next century. Previous research has confirmed that Zhangzhou ware was exported in quantity to Japan and Southeast Asian countries by both the Chinese and the European merchants during that time. ; Although scholars have proposed that Zhangzhou ware was first manufactured and exported during the early sixteenth century when the Portuguese arrived in China, there is a lack of archaeological evidence to support such a claim. This thesis suggests that the international trade of Zhangzhou ware only began after the year of 1565 when the Spanish galleons discovered the return route from Cebu, the Philippines to Acapulco, New Spain. The emergence of Zhangzhou ware took place during the reign of Emperor Longqing (1567-1572). Furthermore, the Chinese merchants were very likely to have been involved in the initial stage of the production of Zhangzhou ware. They had the opportunity to visit Southeast Asian countries and pick up accurate market information which enable potters at Zhangzhou to produce wares well matching the market’s needs. ; Based on the collection of the Vietnam National Museum of History (VNMH), this thesis offers a close analysis on the complete Zhangzhou porcelain found on the Binh Thuan Shipwreck. This thesis proposes that Jingdezhen potters from the Jiangxi region could have been employed for the production of Zhangzhou ware around or before the year of 1595. These nonlocal potters brought with them innovative techniques from Jingdezhen, such as, the use of polychrome (wucai) enamels and plain tricolor (susancai). In addition, they collaborated with local Zhangzhou ...