Eficiência ambiental, divergência genética e composição química de grãos de soja no Estado do Tocantins

Soy, one of the main commodities in Brazil, has oil and bran as raw material for the production of food and animal feed, respectively. However, information on the oil content and protein cultivars grains are scarce, in different planting dates under conditions of low latitude. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the environmental efficiency and the genetic divergence of seventeen soybean genotypes, ten cultivars and seven lines in trials conducted during the crop season and off season in the agricultural year 2013/14, Palmas and Gurupi -TO. The experimental design used in each trial was a randomized block, with seventeen treatments and three replications. The characteristics studied were flowering, maturity, plant height, pod height, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, weight of hundred seeds, grain yield, oil content, protein, environmental efficiency and the genetic divergence. Environmental efficiency was evaluated using the methodology adapted from Fischer (1983) and the genetic divergence through multivariate procedures: generalized Mahalanobis and grouping method and Tocher. The 5X6-3 hybridizations and TMG 1180, 4X5-2 and TMG 1180; 5X6-1 and TMG 1180 are promising for obtaining segregating populations for grain production. Features number of days to flowering (49%) and number of pods per plant (26.6%) were the ones that contributed most to the genetic dissimilarity. For the characteristic oil content in the harvest, the highest efficiency was achieved by P98Y70 genotype for off season the highest value was obtained by CD 2737 RR. For the characteristic protein content greater efficiency in the harvest period was obtained by the M 9144 RR genotype for off season was M 8766RR. ; A soja, uma das principais commodities do Brasil, tem o óleo e o farelo como matéria prima para a produção de alimentos e ração animal. Entretanto, são escassas as informações sobre os teores de óleo e proteína de grãos de cultivares nas diferentes épocas de plantio, sob condições de baixa latitude. Assim, o presente ...