Organizacija sistema odbrane prema konceptu totalne odbrane na primeru Švajcarske, Švedske i Srbije. (Bosnian)

The authors consider the defense systems of Switzerland, Sweden and Serbia, organized according to the concept of total defense and determined to organize defense by engaging all the resources of society. Total defense represents a rational and integrated form of security and defense organization of the subjects of society. it includes military, civil and other forms of defense and represents a choice of militarily neutral states, as well as those that are part of defense alliances (NATO), whereby a significant factor is the coordinated action of the system component and the development of national logistics. The work seeks to gain insight into perceptions of challenges, risks and threats, elements of defense policy and organization of the defense system by reviewing and analyzing publicly available strategic and other documents important for the security and defense of selected countries. The main hypothesis of the paper is that the organization and implementation of total defense in Switzerland and Sweden can represent good examples for countries, such as Serbia, which strive to organize their defense according to the principle of total defense. Switzerland is a permanently neutral country, while Sweden and Serbia are militarily neutral, although Sweden has applied for NATO membership. Different war pasts, strategic positions, perceptions of challenges, risks and threats, demographic structure, economic development and allocations for defense and other states' characteristics also result in differences in the concept and organization of defense as a whole or by segment. States view security holistically, and defense systems as complex and dynamic systems, dependent on external and internal factors, which requires their constant adaptation to changes in the environment and within the limits of economic possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autori razmatraju sisteme odbrane Švajcarske, Švedske i Srbije, organizovane prema konceptu totalne odbrane i opredeljene da odbranu organizuju angažovanjemsvih resursa društva. Totalna odbrana predstavlja racionalan i integrisan oblik bezbednosnoodbrambenog organizovanja subjekata društva. Obuhvata vojnu, kao i civilnu odbranu neutralnih država, ali i onih koje su deo odbrambenih saveza (NATO), pri čemu značajan faktor predstavlja usklađeno delovanje komponente sistema i razvijenost nacionalne logistike. Radom se nastoji da se, pregledom i analizom javno dostupnih strategijskih i drugih dokumenata značajnih za bezbednost i odbranu odabranih zemalja, stekne uvid u percepcije izazova, rizika i pretnji, elemente politike odbrane i organizovanje sistema odbrane. Osnovna hipoteza rada je da organizacija i implementacija totalne odbrane u Švajcarskoj i Švedskoj mogu predstavljati dobre primere za države, kao što je Srbija, koje nastoje da organizuju svoju odbranu po principu totalne odbrane. Švajcarska je stalno neutralna država, dok su Švedska i Srbija vojno neutralne, iako je Švedska podnela zahtev za učlanjenje u NATO. Različita ratna prošlost, strategijski položaj, percepcije izazova, rizika i pretnji, demografska struktura, ekonomska razvijenost i izdvajanja za odbranu i druge osobenosti država, imaju za posledicu i različitost koncepta i organizacije odbrane u celini ili po segmentima. Države bezbednost posmatraju holistički, a sisteme odbrane kao složene i dinamične sisteme, zavisne od spoljašnjih i unutrašnjih faktora, što zahteva i njihovo stalno prilagođavanje promenama okružanja i u granicama ekonomskih mogućnosti. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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