NEUROLOŠKO OČITOVANJE SINDROMA POST-COVID-19. (Bosnian)
In: Acta Medica Croatica, Jg. 75 (2021-10-01), Heft 4, S. 289-294
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Zugriff:
Introduction: At the end of 2019, a new disease named COVID-19 was discovered. The disease is caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. A global pandemic was soon declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). The disease mostly presents by respiratory simptoms. It can also be presented by neurological symptoms and neurological complications may occur during and after treatment of COVID-19. Regardless of COVID-19 symptoms, some patients complain of persistent symptoms. In such cases, we talk of so-called post-COVID-19 syndrome. Various terms have been used in the literature for the spectrum of symptoms that occur weeks or months after COVID-19 symptoms, such as "long-COVID", "post-COVID syndrome", "consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection". Symptoms include various manifestations of organ systems that occur and/or last longer than 4 weeks. Aim: Our aim was to analyze scientific papers on the topic of post-COVID-19 syndrome. We also wanted to describe the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of post-COVID-19 syndrome and highlight the possible diagnostic algorithm. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE database using the following key features:„post-COVID-19", „neurological manifestations" and „long-COVID-19" back to the year 2020. Results: Accoding to our findings, there are several stages of COVID-19. Acute COVID-19 includes acute disease that lasts for 4 weeks. Ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 includes symptoms that last for 4 to 12 weeks. Post-COVID-19 syndrome involves signs and symptoms that occur during or after COVID-19 infection, last for more than 12 weeks, and cannot be explained by another diagnosis. Symptoms can affect different organ systems and may overlap and fluctuate in intensity. The term „long COVID-19" describes ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome. Neurological manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome include weakness and fatigue, myalgia, mood disorders, and sleep disturbances. Persistent headaches, impaired concentration ("brain fog"), paresthesias, dysgeusia, hyposmia and disorders of the autonomic nervous system have also been reported in the literature. There are several proposed routes for SARS-CoV-2 to reach the central nervosu system: olfactory, hematogenous and gastointestinal. The central nervous system can be damaged directly and indirectly. "Brain fog" and memory difficulties are explained by central and respiratory hypoxia (especially), as well as proinflammatory body response. In case of post-COVID-19 neurolgical symptoms, there always have to be a diagnostic approach that considers and searches for alternative diagnosis in the patient context. Basic laboratory workup with possible later extension has to be done. Also, proper neuroimaging methods, mostly brain and/or spine magnetic resonance imaging, should be performed. In some cases, a multidisciplinary approach may be required. Conclusion: We have made a review of neurological post-COVID-19 symptoms and their pathophysiological mechanism with the initial care proposed. We would also like to note that there still are numerous data on the topic that will certainly be revealed with time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Uvod: Krajem 2019. otkrivena je nova bolest nazvana COVID-19. Bolest je uzrokovana novim koronavirusom SARS-CoV-2. Ubrzo je Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (SZO) proglasila pandemiju. Osim dišnih simptoma uočeno je da se bolest može očitovati i neurološkom simptomatologijom te da se tijekom i nakon liječenja COVID-19 mogu javiti neurološke komplikacije. Nakon preboljenja COVID-19, neovisno o težini kliničke slike, dio bolesnika žali se na zaostale neurološke simptome. U tim slučajevima govorimo o post-COVID-19 sindromu. Za simptome koji se javljaju tjednima ili mjesecima nakon COVID-19 simptoma u literaturi su korišteni različiti termini kao što su npr. od "dugi-COVID", "post-COVID sindrom", "posljedice SARSCoV-2 infekcije". Simptomi podrazumijevaju različita očitovanja organskih sustava koji se jave i/ili traju dulje od 4 tjedna. Cilj: Napraviti pregled trenutnih znanstvenih činjenica povezano sa sindromom post-COVID-19. Metode: Pretražili smo bazu podataka MEDLINE s ključnim riječima: post-COVID-19, neurološka očitovanja i dugi COVID-19 u vremenu od 2020. godine. Rezultati: Prema podatcima koje smo prikupili postoje četiri stadija COVID-19. Akutni COVID-19 podrazumijeva simptome i znakove bolesti koji traju do 4 tjedna. Produljeni simptomatski COVID-19 podrazumijeva simptome i znakove koji traju od 4 do12 tjedana. Post-COVID-19 sindrom podrazumijeva simptome i znakove koji se jave nakon akutne bolesti te traju dulje od 12 tjedana, a nisu objašnjeni drugom dijagnozom. Sindrom post-COVID-19 podrazumijeva znakove i simptome koji se pojavljuju tijekom ili nakon COVID-19 te traju dulje od 12 tjedana, a nisu objašnjeni drugom dijagnozom. Simptomi se mogu preklapati i varirati u intenzitetu. Dugi COVID podrazumijeva COVID-19 i sindrom post-COVID-19. Što se neuroloških post-COVID-19 očitovanja tiče, kod bolesnika su najčešće prisutni slabost i umor, mialgija, smetnje raspoloženja i smetnje spavanja. Također, u literaturi se navode i trajna glavobolja, smetnje koncentracije koje su nazvane moždanom maglom (od engl. brain fog), parestezije, poremećaj ili gubitak okusa, poremećaj ili gubitak mirisa te smetnje autonomnog živčanog sustava. Postoji nekoliko pretpostavljenih načina kojima virus dođe do središnjeg živčanog sustava: njušni, dišni i probavni. Središnji živčani sustav može biti oštećen izravno i neizravno. Moždana magla i smetnje pamćenja objašnjeni su središnjom i respiratornom hipoksijom te proupalnim odgovorom organizma. U slučaju sumnje na sindrom post-COVID-19 pri postavljanju dijagnoze uvijek treba uzeti u obzir i ostale moguće dijagnoze. U mnogim slučajevima potrebno je učiniti magnetsku rezonanciju (MR) mozga i vratne kralježnice. Ponekad je potrebno u dijagnosticiranje bolesti uključiti i ostale specijaliste. Zaključak: Sindrom post-COVID-19 može se očitovati nizom neuroloških poremećaja kao što su kognitivni simptomi, nesanica i promjene raspoloženja, disautonomija, smetnje mirisa i okusa, sindrom postintenzivne skrbi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Titel: |
NEUROLOŠKO OČITOVANJE SINDROMA POST-COVID-19. (Bosnian)
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Autor/in / Beteiligte Person: | KES, VANJA BAŠIĆ ; GRBIĆ, NEVENA ; SUPANC, VIŠNJA ; ZAVOREO, IRIS ; MATOVINA, LUCIJA ZADRO |
Zeitschrift: | Acta Medica Croatica, Jg. 75 (2021-10-01), Heft 4, S. 289-294 |
Veröffentlichung: | 2021 |
Medientyp: | academicJournal |
ISSN: | 1330-0164 (print) |
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