PREKOGRANIČNO ZAGAĐENJE OKOLIŠA IZMEĐU REPUBLIKE HRVATSKE I BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE: TRI STUDIJE SLUČAJA. (Bosnian)

The development of modern society is accompanied by a growing number and types of risks. This paper looks at cross-border environmental pollution as one such risk. Coping with pollution by limiting state's effort on its territory alone is insufficient as pollution arises and spreads everywhere and cannot be restricted by state borders. For this reason, cooperation between states is crucial, including the definition of standards and mechanisms for pollution prevention and reduction. This article analyses three case studies of cross-border environmental pollution between the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina: air pollution in Croatian city of Slavonski Brod, caused by the emissions of harmful substances into the air from the Oil Refinery Brod in Bosnia and Herzegovina; the floods that hit the entire region in May 2014; and the creation of the so-called "seventeenth lake" in Plitvice Lakes National Park as the results of unsuitable wastewater system, which caused the pollution of drinking water source in the Bosnian-Herzegovinian city of Bihać. In all three cases the specific context of cross-border pollution is described, as well as key social actors involved in the problem and its resolution, and the ways in which the countries are coping with cross-border pollution. Additionally, European Union's environmental legislation and international environmental conventions, which are relevant for environmental legislations of both states, are also analysed. By analysing these three cases, we conclude that both states need to improve their environmental policies, with a particular emphasis on the importance of intergovernmental collaboration for achieving a more effective risk management of cross-border pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parallell zur Entwicklung der modernen Gesellschaft wachsen die Zahl und die Arten von Risiken, denen die Gesellschaft begegnet. Eines davon ist die grenzüberschreitende Umweltverschmutzung. Die Bemühungen von Staaten, mit der Verschmutzung im eigenen Land fertig zu werden, genügt nicht, weil die Verschmutzung sich über die Staatsgrenzen hinausbreitet. Aus dem Grunde ist eine Zusammenarbeit zwischen Staaten notwendig, damit Standards und Mechanismen für deren Vorbeugung und Minderung festgesetzt werden können. Im Artikel werden drei Fallstudien der grenzüberschreitenden Umweltverschmutzung zwischen der Republik Kroatien und Bosnien und Herzegowina dargestellt: Die Luftverschmutzung in Slavonski Brod, durch Freilassung von Schadstoffen in die Luft aus der Erdölraffinerie Brod in BuH verursacht; Überschwemmungen, von denen die Region im Mai 2014 betroffen wurde; der sogenannte „siebzehnte See" der Plitvizer Seen, der wegen eines mangelhaften Entwässerungssystems eine Verschmutzung der Trinkwasserquelle in Bihać in BuH verursacht hat. In allen drei Fällen sind der spezifische Kontext der grenzüberschreitenden Verschmutzung, die an der Problemlösung beteiligten Akteure, sowie die Art und Weise beschrieben, wie Staaten mit der grenzüberschreitenden Verschmutzung fertig werden. Außerdem werden die EU-Gesetzgebungsakte über Umweltschutz und die, für die Gesetzgebung der beiden Staaten relevanten Weltkonventionen, berücksichtigt. Durch die Analyse der drei Fälle sind wir zum Schluß gekommen, dass die beiden Staaten ihre Umweltpolitik verbessern sollen, dabei liegt die Betonung auf der Wichtigkeit einer zwischenstaatlichen Zusammenarbeit, damit eine effizientere Risikoverwaltung der grenzüberschreitenden Verschmutzung erzielt werden kann. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

sa zagađenjem na svom teritoriju nedostatan je zbog činjenice da zagađenje nastaje i širi se svuda, ne ograničavajući se na državne granice. Iz tog razloga potrebna je suradnja među državama kako bi se utvrdili standardi i mehanizmi za njegovo sprečavanje i smanjenje. U članku su predstavljene tri studije slučaja prekograničnog zagađenja okoliša između Republike Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine: zagađenje zraka u Slavonskom Brodu uzrokovano ispuštanjem štetnih tvari u zrak iz Rafinerije nafte Brod u BiH; poplave koje su pogodile regiju u svibnju 2014.; te takozvano „sedamnaesto jezero" Plitvičkih jezera nastalo zbog neriješenog sustava odvodnje koje je uzrokovalo zagađenje izvora pitke vode u Bihaću u BiH. U sva tri slučaja opisani su specifični konteksti prekograničnog zagađenja, glavni akteri uključeni u problem i njegovo rješavanje, kao i načini na koje se države nose s prekograničnim zagađenjem. Pažnja je posvećena i zakonodavnim aktima Europske unije o zaštiti okoliša i svjetskim konvencijama na koje se oslanjaju zakonodavstva ovih dviju država. Analizom tri slučaja došli smo do zaključka da obje države trebaju unaprijediti svoju okolišnu politiku uz naglasak na važnost međudržavne suradnje kako bi se postiglo učinkovitije upravljanje rizikom prekograničnog zagađenja. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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