SLOVENSKI DIPLOMATI V NEMŠKO-JUGOSLOVANSKIH ODNOSIH 1949-1973. (Slovenian)

By investigating the activities of Slovene diplomats in the two German states, the author points to the turbulent political-economic relations of Yugoslavia with both German states FRG and GDR between 1949 and 1973, focusing on the period after mid-1950s. Despite the fact that in the second half of the 1950s the Yugoslav foreign minister was a brilliant Serbian diplomat Koča Popović, it was Slovene diplomats, among them especially deputy foreign minister Aleš Bebler, who were involved extensively in the German issues in the Belgrade "žuta kuča"/"yellow house" (used colloquially for the foreign ministry in Belgrade), especially in the problems occurring at the breaking off of diplomatic relations with FRG. Moreover, the fi rst Yugoslav ambassador in GDR was a Slovene, Mitja Vošnjak. Knowing that the Yugoslav embassy in Prague had an important role in establishing diplomatic relations with GDR (it was the place for diplomatic "feeling the ground", while the person appointed for these contacts was councillor to the embassy, the second man of the embassy, Marko Kadunec, a Slovene) and knowing that colonel general Jaka Avšič - the leader of the post-war Yugoslav military mission with a diplomatic status and headquarters in West Berlin, which when needed dealt also with the political problematic in question - was also Slovene, it seems that in this period at least the realisation, if not the planning of the Yugoslav politics toward the German question was in the hands of Slovenes. The author thus gives a lengthy description of the activities of Slovene diplomats Dušan Kveder and Rudi Čačinovič, who were Yugoslav ambassadors in Bonn in those ground-breaking years. The former was active in the time of the implementation of the so called Hallstein Doctrine, which resulted in the breaking off of diplomatic relations between Yugoslavia and FRG because Yugoslavia in October 1957 recognized the GDR; the latter in 1968, when diplomatic relations were restored. His role was especially significant in the following years when certain key issues of relations between the states were being addressed (and some were solved), such as: the question of compensation for Nazi crimes during World War II, the question of the emigration hostile to Yugoslavia, and the question of the so called Yugoslavian "gastarbeiters". Since it is difficult to have a thorough understanding of relations between Yugoslavia and FRG without knowledge of the relations between SFRY and GDR, the author has also tapped into these relations and delineated the role of the fi rst Yugoslav ambassador in GDR, Mitja Vošnjak. The author concludes his article with the following insight: "Even this brief and undoubtedly incomplete investigation of the activities of certain Slovene diplomats in relation to the formation and realisation of Yugoslav politics toward both Germanys clearly points to their enormous and successful contribution to the normalisation and development of bilateral relations. Career diplomats of this sort are needed in every country". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'articolo illustra il ruolo dei diplomatici sloveni nel secondo dopoguerra jugoslavo nell'attuazione della politica estera jugoslava all'interno dei rapporti con entrambi gli stati tedeschi. In particolar modo viene descritta l'attività dei diplomatici sloveni di maggior rilievo - dei politici Dušan Kveder, Aleš Bebler, Rudi Čačinovič e Mitja Vošnjak, per non dimenticare l'azione svolta anche da Anton Vratuša, Stane Pavlič e Jaka Avšič. L'Autore osserva che, nell'ambito della diplomazia jugoslava e delle relazioni con l'area di lingua tedesca, proprio ai diplomatici sloveni venne assegnato un ruolo di particolare importanza. E' lecito addirittura pensare che gli incarichi diplomatici nei Paesi confi nanti, quali Austria, Italia e Germania, fossero affi dati da Belgrado, quasi di norma, a diplomatici sloveni. Si può supporre che la scelta fosse determinata anche dalla conoscenza della lingua, poiché sembra che il tedesco fosse molto più familiare agli sloveni (e ai croati) che agli altri popoli jugoslavi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

V članku je orisana vloga slovenskih diplomatov v drugi Jugoslaviji pri izvajanju jugoslovanske zunanje politike do obeh nemških držav. Prikazana je predvsem dejavnost vidnih slovenskih diplomatov - politikov Dušana Kvedra, Aleša Beblerja, Rudija Čačinoviča in Mitje Vošnjaka, omenjeni pa so tudi Anton Vratuša, Stane Pavlič in Jaka Avšič. Avtor ugotavlja, da je bilo v okviru jugoslovanske diplomacije in odnosov z nemško govorečim prostorom opazno mesto namenjeno prav slovenskim diplomatom. Možno je celo domnevati, da so diplomatska mesta v sosednjih dr- žavah, Avstriji in Italiji, ter v Nemčiji, domala po pravilu v Beogradu dodeljevali slovenskim diplomatom. Najbrž gre tudi za vprašanje poznavanja jezika, saj naj bi bila nemščina Slovencem (in Hrvatom) bliže kot drugim v Jugoslaviji. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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