Methodology of elastic full‐waveform inversion of multicomponent ocean‐bottom data for anisotropic media.

Full‐waveform inversion of multicomponent data can provide an improved estimation of medium parameters using both compressional‐ and shear‐wave information. However, most earlier studies that involved a full‐waveform inversion of ocean‐bottom data are based on acoustic anisotropic or elastic isotropic approximations. Here, we consider realistic elastic anisotropic media and develop an efficient full‐waveform inversion framework for estimating model parameters. We simulate seismic wavefields using a previously developed coupled acoustic/elastic wave propagator that implements a mimetic finite‐difference method with fully staggered grids to accurately handle the fluid/solid boundary conditions. The algorithm employs a multiscale approach starting from low frequencies and incorporating higher frequency bands in the later inversion stages. We analyse the influence of different types of input data on the accuracy of the inverted anisotropy parameters for hard and soft water bottoms. The employed misfit function incorporates information from both hydrophones and ocean‐bottom geophones. Numerical examples indicate that injecting multiple data components simultaneously increases the complexity of the objective function and often degrades the quality of the estimated medium parameters. Thus, we propose a sequential strategy using a single data component at a time. Pressure (hydrophone) data alone can provide satisfactory results if long offsets (i.e., with the offset/depth ratio ≥ 3) are available. Adding the horizontal particle‐displacement or ‐velocity components increases the accuracy of the estimated shear‐wave vertical velocity (VS0$V_{\text{S0}}$) and P‐wave normal‐moveout (Vnmo, P$V_{\text{nmo, P}}$) velocity, especially for strongly heterogeneous sub‐water‐bottom models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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