Stéttarfélagsaðild á Íslandi. (Icelandic)
In: Icelandic Review on Politics & Administration, Jg. 15 (2019), Heft 1, S. 67-89
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Few studies have been conducted on trade union density in Iceland, some has been written about trade unions in Iceland. There has been a lot of debate in Europe over the last 20 years of declining trade union density. There are various reasons for this decline, such as general economic prosperity since the end of the Second World War, EU directives and regulations on increased rights and protection of workers, more focus on work life balance, increased economic growth, higher employment rates, structural change in the labour market and new management practices that encourage employees to be outside of trade unions. Furthermore, as a possible explanation, internationalization and fierce competition of companies in global markets has also been pointed out, greater emphasis on flexibility in employment contracts, job outsourcing and the fact that it is more difficult to get well-educated professionals to be union members. The development of trade union density in Iceland has been different. For the last 20 years, trade union density in Iceland has been very high and remained fairly stable. This paper deals with trade union density in Iceland from 1994 to 2016. Few proposition, according to the authors' assessment, are put forward that can shed light on high union density in Iceland. They are: 1) closed shop agreements, 2) check-off system, legal obligation for employers to deducts a portion of an employee's wages to pay union dues, 3) large public sector, 4) strategic work of trade unions to make union membership attracting with various services and benefits for members, 5) trade unions has emphasized on reaching to young people in the labour market, 6) trade union membership granted union members access to pension fund, 7) the "Ghent system" which linked unemployment benefits to union membership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Fáar rannsóknir hafa verið gerðar á stéttarfélagsaðild hér á landi en nokkrar um stéttarfélög. Mikil umræða hefur verið í Evrópu síðustu 20 ár um minnkandi stéttarfélagsaðild en þar hefur dregið nokkuð úr aðild. Ýmsar ástæður hafa verið nefndar til sögunnar sem hafa haft áhrif á þessa fækkun, svo sem almenn efnahagsleg velsæld frá lokum seinni heimsstyrjaldarinnar, tilskipanir og reglur frá Evrópusambandinu um aukin réttindi og vernd starfsmanna, áhersla á samþættingu vinnu og einkalífs, aukinn hagvöxtur, hærra atvinnustig, formgerðarbreyting á vinnumarkaði og nýjar stjórnunaraðferðir sem leggja áherslu á að starfsmenn standi utan stéttarfélaga. Enn fremur hefur verið bent á sem mögulega skýringaþætti, alþjóðavæðinguna, harðnandi samkeppni fyrirtækja á alþjóðlegum mörkuðum, meiri áherslu á sveigjanleika í ráðningarformi, útvistun starfa og að erfiðlega hefur gengur að fá vel menntaða sérfræðinga til að vera í stéttarfélögum. Þróun stéttarfélagsaðildar hér á landi hefur verið með öðrum hætti, en síðustu 20 ár hefur stéttarfélagsaðild hér á landi haldist nokkuð stöðug. Í þessari grein er rakin þróun stéttarfélagsaðildar hér á landi frá árunum 1994- 2016. Settar eru fram nokkrar yrðingar (proposition) sem skýrt geta háa stéttarfélagsaðild hér á landi að mati höfunda. Þær eru; (1) forgangsréttarákvæði kjarasamninga, (2) skylda atvinnurekenda til að innheimta félagsgjöld starfsmanna, (3) fjöldi opinberra starfsmanna á íslenskum vinnumarkaði, (4) markviss vinna stéttarfélaga að gera aðild að stéttarfélögum aðlaðandi með fjölbreyttri þjónustu, (5) sérstök áhersla stéttarfélaga til að ná til ungs fólks á vinnumarkaði, (6) tenging félagsaðildar við lífeyrissjóðakerfið á sínum tíma og (7) „Ghent kerfið" sem byggði á því að atvinnuleysisbætur tengdust stéttarfélagsaðild. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Stéttarfélagsaðild á Íslandi. (Icelandic)
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Autor/in / Beteiligte Person: | Aðalsteinsson, Gylfi Dalmann ; Guðlaugsson, Þórhallur Örn |
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Zeitschrift: | Icelandic Review on Politics & Administration, Jg. 15 (2019), Heft 1, S. 67-89 |
Veröffentlichung: | 2019 |
Medientyp: | academicJournal |
ISSN: | 1670-6803 (print) |
DOI: | 10.13177/irpa.a.2019.15.1.4 |
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