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Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are large reservoirs of organic carbon 1,2 . Climate warming may stimulate ecosystem respiration and release carbon into the atmosphere 3,4 . The magnitude and persistency of this stimulation and the environmental mechanisms that drive its variation remain uncertain 5-7 . This hampers the accuracy of global land carbon-climate feedback projections 7,8 . Here we synthesize 136 datasets from 56 open-top chamber in situ warming experiments located at 28 arctic and alpine tundra sites which have been running for less than 1 year up to 25 years. We show that a mean rise of 1.4 °C [confidence interval (CI) 0.9-2.0 °C] in air and 0.4 °C [CI 0.2-0.7 °C] in soil temperature results in an increase in growing season ecosystem respiration by 30% [CI 22-38%] (n = 136). Our findings indicate that the stimulation of ecosystem respiration was due to increases in both plant-related and microbial respiration (n = 9) and continued for at least 25 years (n = 136). The magnitude of the warming effects on respiration was driven by variation in warming-induced changes in local soil conditions, that is, changes in total nitrogen concentration and pH and by context-dependent spatial variation in these conditions, in particular total nitrogen concentration and the carbon:nitrogen ratio. Tundra sites with stronger nitrogen limitations and sites in which warming had stimulated plant and microbial nutrient turnover seemed particularly sensitive in their respiration response to warming. The results highlight the importance of local soil conditions and warming-induced changes therein for future climatic impacts on respiration.

Titel:	Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Maes, SL ; Dietrich, J ; Midolo, G ; Schwieger, S ; Kummu, M ; Vandvik, V ; Aerts, R ; Althuizen, IHJ ; Biasi, C ; Björk, RG ; Böhner, H ; Carbognani, M ; Chiari, G ; Christiansen, CT ; Clemmensen, KE ; Cooper, EJ ; Cornelissen, JHC ; Elberling, B ; Faubert, P ; Fetcher, N ; Forte, TGW ; Gaudard, J ; Gavazov, K ; Guan, Z ; Guðmundsson, J ; Gya, R ; Hallin, S ; Hansen, BB ; Haugum, SV ; He, JS ; Hicks Pries, C ; Hovenden, MJ ; Jalava, M ; Jónsdóttir, IS ; Juhanson, J ; Jung, JY ; Kaarlejärvi, E ; Kwon, MJ ; Lamprecht, RE ; Le Moullec, M ; Lee, H ; Marushchak, ME ; Michelsen, A ; Munir, TM ; Myrsky, EM ; Nielsen, CS ; Nyberg, M ; Olofsson, J ; Óskarsson, H ; Parker, TC ; Pedersen, EP ; Petit Bon, M ; Petraglia, A ; Raundrup, K ; Ravn, NMR ; Rinnan, R ; Rodenhizer, H ; Ryde, I ; Schmidt, NM ; Schuur, EAG ; Sjögersten, S ; Stark, S ; Strack, M ; Tang, J ; Tolvanen, A ; Töpper, JP ; Väisänen, MK ; van Logtestijn RSP ; Voigt, C ; Walz, J ; Weedon, JT ; Yang, Y ; Ylänne, H ; Björkman, MP ; Sarneel, JM ; Dorrepaal, E
Link:	Zum Volltext
Zeitschrift:	Nature, Jg. 629 (2024-05-01), Heft 8010, S. 105-113
Veröffentlichung:	Basingstoke : Nature Publishing Group ; <i>Original Publication</i>: London, Macmillan Journals ltd., 2024
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1476-4687 (electronic)
DOI:	10.1038/s41586-024-07274-7
Schlagwort:	Arctic Regions Carbon metabolism Carbon analysis Carbon Cycle Datasets as Topic Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Nitrogen metabolism Nitrogen analysis Plants metabolism Seasons Soil chemistry Soil Microbiology Temperature Time Factors Ecosystem Global Warming Tundra Cell Respiration
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Language: English [Nature] 2024 May; Vol. 629 (8010), pp. 105-113. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2024 Apr 17. MeSH Terms: Ecosystem* ; Global Warming* ; Tundra* ; Cell Respiration* ; Arctic Regions ; Carbon / metabolism ; Carbon / analysis ; Carbon Cycle ; Datasets as Topic ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Nitrogen / metabolism ; Nitrogen / analysis ; Plants / metabolism ; Seasons ; Soil / chemistry ; Soil Microbiology ; Temperature ; Time Factors References: Schuur, E. A. G. et al. Permafrost and climate change: carbon cycle feedbacks from the warming arctic. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 47, 343–371 (2022). (PMID: 10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847) ; Tarnocai, C. et al. Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003327 (2009). ; Virkkala, A.-M. et al. 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Commun. 8, 1602 (2017). ; Dataset for “Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra”. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10572479 (2024). ; Scripts for “Environmental drivers of increasd ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra”. GitHub https://github.com/mjalava/tundraflux (2024). Substance Nomenclature: 7440-44-0 (Carbon) ; N762921K75 (Nitrogen) ; 0 (Soil) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20240417 Date Completed: 20240501 Latest Revision: 20240504 Update Code: 20240504 PubMed Central ID: PMC11062900

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Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra.