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Background: Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying of insecticide (IRS) are widely recommended for the prevention of malaria in endemic regions. Data from human landing catches provide information on the impact of vector control on vector populations. Here, malaria transmission indoors and outdoors, before and after mass deployment of LLINs and IRS in Uganda was compared.

Methods: The study took place in Tororo district, a historically high transmission area where universal LLIN distribution was conducted in November 2013 and May 2017 and 6 rounds of IRS implemented from December 2014 to July 2018. Human landing catches were performed in 8 houses monthly from October 2011 to September 2012 (pre-intervention period) and every 4 weeks from November 2017 to October 2018 (post-intervention period). Mosquitoes were collected outdoors from 18:00 to 22:00 h and indoors from 18:00 to 06:00 h. Female Anopheles were tested for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites and species identification performed using gross dissection and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: The interventions were associated with a decline in human biting rate from 19.6 to 2.3 female Anopheles mosquitoes per house per night (p < 0.001) and annual entomological inoculation rate from 129 to 0 infective bites per person per year (p < 0.001). The proportion of mosquitoes collected outdoors increased from 11.6 to 49.4% (p < 0.001). Prior to the interventions the predominant species was Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.), which comprised an estimated 76.7% of mosquitoes. Following the interventions, the predominant species was Anopheles arabiensis, which comprised 99.5% of mosquitoes, with almost complete elimination of An. gambiae s.s. (0.5%).

Conclusions: Mass distribution of LLINs and 6 rounds of IRS dramatically decreased vector density and sporozoite rate resulting in a marked reduction in malaria transmission intensity in a historically high transmission site in Uganda. These changes were accompanied by a shift in vector species from An. gambiae s.s. to An. arabiensis and a relative increase in outdoor biting.

Titel:	Impact of vector control interventions on malaria transmission intensity, outdoor vector biting rates and Anopheles mosquito species composition in Tororo, Uganda.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Musiime, AK ; Smith, DL ; Kilama, M ; Rek, J ; Arinaitwe, E ; Nankabirwa, JI ; Kamya, MR ; Conrad, MD ; Dorsey, G ; Akol, AM ; Staedke, SG ; Lindsay, SW ; Egonyu, JP
Link:	Zum Volltext
Zeitschrift:	Malaria journal, Jg. 18 (2019-12-27), Heft 1, S. 445
Veröffentlichung:	London : BioMed Central, [2002-, 2019
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1475-2875 (electronic)
DOI:	10.1186/s12936-019-3076-4
Schlagwort:	Animals Female Uganda Anopheles physiology Biodiversity Insect Bites and Stings etiology Malaria transmission Mosquito Control Mosquito Vectors physiology
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article Language: English [Malar J] 2019 Dec 27; Vol. 18 (1), pp. 445. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2019 Dec 27. MeSH Terms: Biodiversity* ; Mosquito Control* ; Anopheles / physiology ; Insect Bites and Stings / etiology ; Malaria / transmission ; Mosquito Vectors / physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Uganda References: Parasit Vectors. 2016 Oct 18;9(1):552. (PMID: 27756355) ; Med Vet Entomol. 2013 Sep;27(3):276-83. (PMID: 23046446) ; Parasit Vectors. 2016 Dec 12;9(1):637. (PMID: 27955677) ; Bull World Health Organ. 1989;67(5):535-42. (PMID: 2692869) ; Med Vet Entomol. 2000 Jun;14(2):171-80. (PMID: 10872861) ; Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Aug;75(2):219-25. (PMID: 16896122) ; Parasit Vectors. 2018 Oct 11;11(1):544. (PMID: 30305147) ; Malar J. 2008 May 26;7:92. (PMID: 18503715) ; Parasit Vectors. 2013 May 02;6:130. (PMID: 23634798) ; PLoS Med. 2016 Nov 8;13(11):e1002167. (PMID: 27824885) ; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Jul 23;116(30):15086-15095. (PMID: 31285346) ; Malar J. 2017 May 30;16(1):227. (PMID: 28558701) ; Malar J. 2016 Mar 08;15:146. (PMID: 26957210) ; Malar J. 2012 Jun 08;11:188. (PMID: 22681999) ; Malar J. 2010 Jul 14;9:204. (PMID: 20630056) ; Trends Parasitol. 2016 Mar;32(3):187-196. (PMID: 26826784) ; Malar J. 2017 Jan 3;16(1):4. (PMID: 28049475) ; Evolution. 2013 Apr;67(4):1218-30. (PMID: 23550770) ; PLoS One. 2019 Jun 3;14(6):e0217414. (PMID: 31158255) ; PLoS One. 2017 May 18;12(5):e0177807. (PMID: 28542335) ; Malar J. 2019 Jul 29;18(1):257. (PMID: 31358015) ; Parasit Vectors. 2015 Sep 17;8:458. (PMID: 26382583) ; Parasit Vectors. 2013 Dec 05;6:340. (PMID: 24304974) ; Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Apr;82(4):566-73. (PMID: 20348500) ; Malar J. 2013 Jan 08;12:13. (PMID: 23297732) ; Malar J. 2018 Jan 5;17(1):5. (PMID: 29304803) ; Parasit Vectors. 2015 Dec 09;8:628. (PMID: 26652708) ; J Infect Dis. 2019 Mar 15;219(7):1104-1111. (PMID: 30383230) ; Malar J. 2018 Apr 6;17(1):157. (PMID: 29625585) ; Acta Trop. 2017 Oct;174:91-96. (PMID: 28684267) ; PLoS One. 2017 May 10;12(5):e0176982. (PMID: 28489935) ; Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Aug 1;65(3):453-460. (PMID: 28369387) ; Nature. 2015 Oct 8;526(7572):207-211. (PMID: 26375008) ; Parasit Vectors. 2013 Apr 20;6:114. (PMID: 23601146) ; Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993 Oct;49(4):520-9. (PMID: 8214283) ; Malar J. 2010 Feb 26;9:62. (PMID: 20187956) ; Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003 Apr;68(4 Suppl):115-20. (PMID: 12749494) ; Malar J. 2018 Oct 16;17(1):362. (PMID: 30326881) ; Malar J. 2016 Jun 07;15:311. (PMID: 27267462) ; Malar J. 2007 May 02;6:52. (PMID: 17474975) ; Malar J. 2011 Apr 09;10:80. (PMID: 21477321) ; Front Physiol. 2012 Jun 12;3:199. (PMID: 22701435) ; Med Vet Entomol. 2006 Dec;20(4):425-37. (PMID: 17199754) ; Curr Trop Med Rep. 2018;5(1):41-50. (PMID: 29629252) ; PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e31481. (PMID: 22438864) ; Malar J. 2014 Mar 21;13:111. (PMID: 24656206) ; Malar J. 2016 Dec 1;15(1):577. (PMID: 27903292) ; Malar J. 2013 Feb 07;12:56. (PMID: 23388506) ; Trials. 2019 Jun 3;20(1):321. (PMID: 31159887) ; Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009 Dec;7(12):864-74. (PMID: 19881520) ; Gates Open Res. 2018 Nov 13;2:32. (PMID: 30706054) Grant Information: U19AI089674 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) as part of the International Centers of Excellence in Malaria Research (ICEMR) program; U19 AI089674 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; K01 TW010868 United States TW FIC NIH HHS; D43TW010526 Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health; D43 TW010526 United States TW FIC NIH HHS; K43 TW010365 United States TW FIC NIH HHS Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Biting rates; Indoor residual spraying; Long-lasting insecticide nets; Malaria vector; Transmission Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20191229 Date Completed: 20200401 Latest Revision: 20201230 Update Code: 20231215 PubMed Central ID: PMC6935116

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Impact of vector control interventions on malaria transmission intensity, outdoor vector biting rates and Anopheles mosquito species composition in Tororo, Uganda.