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Background: Malaria is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa with considerable burden for human health. Major insecticide resistance mechanisms such as kdr(R) and ace-1(R) alleles constitute a hindrance to malaria vector control programs. Anopheles gambiae bearing both kdr and ace-1 resistant alleles are increasingly recorded in wild populations. In order to maintain the efficacy of vector control strategies, the characterization of concomitant kdr and ace-1 resistance, and their pleiotropic effects on malaria vector phenotype on insecticide efficacy are important.

Methods: Larval and adult bioassays were performed with different insecticide classes used in public health following WHO standard guidelines on four laboratory Anopheles gambiae strains, sharing the same genetic background but harboring distinct resistance status: KISUMU with no resistance allele; ACERKIS with ace-1(R) allele; KISKDR with kdr(R) allele and ACERKDRKIS with both resistance alleles' ace-1(R) and kdr(R) .

Results: Larval bioassays indicate that the homozygote resistant strain harboring both alleles (ACERKDRKIS) displayed slightly but significantly higher resistance level to various insecticides like carbamates (bendiocarb, p < 0.001; propoxur, p = 0.02) and organophosphates (chlorpyriphos-methyl, p = 0.002; fenitrothion, p < 0.001) when compared to ACERKIS strain. However, no differences were recorded between ACERKDRKIS and KISKDR resistance level against permethrin (Pyrethroid, p = 0.7) and DDT (Organochlorine, p = 0.24). For adult bioassays, the percentages of mosquitoes knocked down were significantly lower for ACERKDRKIS than for KISKDR with permethrin (p = 0.003) but not with deltamethrin. The percentage of mortality from adult bioassays was similar between ACERKDRKIS and ACERKIS with carbamates and organophosphates, or between ACERKDRKIS and KISKDR with pyrethroid and DDT. Concerning acetylcholinesterase enzyme, ACERKDRKIS strain showed similarAChE1 activity than that of ACERKIS.

Conclusion: The presence of both kdr(R) and ace-1(R) alleles seems to increase the resistance levels to both carbamate and organophosphate insecticides and at operational level, may represent an important threat to malaria vector control programs in West Africa.

Titel:	Phenotypic effects of concomitant insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ace-1(R)) and knockdown resistance (kdr(R)) in Anopheles gambiae: a hindrance for insecticide resistance management for malaria vector control.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Assogba, BS ; Djogbénou, LS ; Saizonou, J ; Milesi, P ; Djossou, L ; Djegbe, I ; Oumbouke, WA ; Chandre, F ; Baba-Moussa, L ; Weill, M ; Makoutodé, M
Link:	Zum Volltext
Zeitschrift:	Parasites & vectors, Jg. 7 (2014-12-03), S. 548
Veröffentlichung:	London : BioMed Central, 2014
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1756-3305 (electronic)
DOI:	10.1186/s13071-014-0548-9
Schlagwort:	Acetylcholinesterase genetics Animals Biological Assay Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic Larva drug effects Acetylcholinesterase metabolism Anopheles drug effects Anopheles genetics Insecticide Resistance genetics Insecticides pharmacology
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Language: English [Parasit Vectors] 2014 Dec 03; Vol. 7, pp. 548. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2014 Dec 03. MeSH Terms: Acetylcholinesterase / metabolism ; Anopheles / drug effects ; Anopheles / genetics ; Insecticide Resistance / genetics ; Insecticides / *pharmacology ; Acetylcholinesterase / genetics ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Larva / drug effects References: Med Vet Entomol. 2011 Sep;25(3):256-67. (PMID: 21155858) ; Malar J. 2012;11:11. (PMID: 22230255) ; J Econ Entomol. 2012 Feb;105(1):85-91. (PMID: 22420259) ; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Apr 24;109(17):6614-9. (PMID: 22493253) ; Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Sep;18(9):1508-11. (PMID: 22932478) ; J Econ Entomol. 2013 Feb;106(1):366-74. (PMID: 23448053) ; Med Vet Entomol. 2000 Jun;14(2):181-9. (PMID: 10872862) ; Bull Entomol Res. 2000 Apr;90(2):125-32. (PMID: 10948372) ; Insect Mol Biol. 2000 Oct;9(5):491-7. (PMID: 11029667) ; Med Vet Entomol. 2001 Mar;15(1):105-12. (PMID: 11297094) ; Nat Genet. 2001 Oct;29(2):233-7. (PMID: 11586306) ; Genetica. 2001;112-113:287-96. (PMID: 11838771) ; Med Vet Entomol. 2002 Mar;16(1):106-8. (PMID: 11963974) ; Trends Parasitol. 2002 Apr;18(4):161-3. (PMID: 11998703) ; Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 Dec;67(6):617-22. (PMID: 12518852) ; Nature. 2003 May 8;423(6936):136-7. (PMID: 12736674) ; Med Vet Entomol. 2003 Dec;17(4):417-22. (PMID: 14651656) ; Bull Entomol Res. 2003 Dec;93(6):491-8. (PMID: 14704095) ; Insect Mol Biol. 2004 Feb;13(1):1-7. (PMID: 14728661) ; Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(2):CD000363. (PMID: 15106149) ; Pest Manag Sci. 2004 Apr;60(4):375-80. (PMID: 15119600) ; Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2004 Jul;34(7):653-65. (PMID: 15242706) ; Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Aug;71(2 Suppl):147-55. (PMID: 15331831) ; Bull World Health Organ. 1967;36(6):913-35. (PMID: 5299860) ; Bull World Health Organ. 1978;56(3):445-52. (PMID: 308409) ; Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1983;23:413-38. (PMID: 6347050) ; Nature. 1991 Mar 14;350(6314):151-3. (PMID: 2005964) ; Trop Med Int Health. 1996 Apr;1(2):147-54. (PMID: 8665378) ; J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Jun;281(3):1113-9. (PMID: 9190843) ; Med Vet Entomol. 1998 Jan;12(1):1-12. (PMID: 9513933) ; Insect Mol Biol. 1998 May;7(2):179-84. (PMID: 9535162) ; Med Vet Entomol. 1998 Oct;12(4):359-66. (PMID: 9824819) ; Emerg Infect Dis. 1998 Oct-Dec;4(4):605-13. (PMID: 9866736) ; J Med Entomol. 1999 Jan;36(1):41-9. (PMID: 10071491) ; Biochem Pharmacol. 1961 Jul;7:88-95. (PMID: 13726518) ; Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1956 Mar;50(1):92-4. (PMID: 13303106) ; Malar J. 2005;4:25. (PMID: 15918909) ; Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005 Jul;73(1):149-56. (PMID: 16014850) ; Invert Neurosci. 2005 Nov;5(3-4):119-33. (PMID: 16172884) ; Biochem J. 2006 Jun 1;396(2):255-63. (PMID: 16475981) ; Trends Parasitol. 2006 Jul;22(7):292-5. (PMID: 16707275) ; Chemosphere. 2006 Oct;65(4):721-4. (PMID: 16574189) ; Malar J. 2007;6:37. (PMID: 17389041) ; Acta Trop. 2007 Mar;101(3):207-16. (PMID: 17359927) ; Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Feb;13(2):199-206. (PMID: 17479880) ; Malar J. 2007;6:52. (PMID: 17474975) ; Pest Manag Sci. 2007 Jul;63(7):628-33. (PMID: 17533649) ; J Med Entomol. 2007 Sep;44(5):805-10. (PMID: 17915512) ; Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Feb;78(2):298-302. (PMID: 18256433) ; BMC Evol Biol. 2008;8:104. (PMID: 18397515) ; Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2008 Jul;150(3):271-7. (PMID: 18455457) ; Malar J. 2008;7:96. (PMID: 18510724) ; Malar J. 2008;7:188. (PMID: 18817564) ; Malar J. 2008;7 Suppl 1:S4. (PMID: 19091038) ; Trends Parasitol. 2009 Mar;25(3):101-4. (PMID: 19168392) ; Trop Med Int Health. 2009 Apr;14(4):396-403. (PMID: 19254231) ; Lancet. 2009 Nov 7;374(9701):1581-2. (PMID: 19911449) ; Nature. 2009 Nov 19;462(7271):298-300. (PMID: 19924207) ; Malar J. 2009;8:256. (PMID: 19917119) ; Malar J. 2010;9:12. (PMID: 20070891) ; Malar J. 2010;9:67. (PMID: 20199674) ; Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(4):CD006657. (PMID: 20393950) ; PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e63849. (PMID: 23704944) ; Malar J. 2013;12:404. (PMID: 24206629) ; Evolution. 2014 Jul;68(7):2092-101. (PMID: 24494966) ; Malar J. 2010;9:144. (PMID: 20507555) ; Trends Parasitol. 2011 Feb;27(2):91-8. (PMID: 20843745) Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Insecticides) ; EC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20141205 Date Completed: 20151123 Latest Revision: 20181113 Update Code: 20240513 PubMed Central ID: PMC4265331

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Phenotypic effects of concomitant insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ace-1(R)) and knockdown resistance (kdr(R)) in Anopheles gambiae: a hindrance for insecticide resistance management for malaria vector control.