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VIP and PACAP modulate the function of inflammatory cells through specific receptors. VIP/PACAP inhibit the production of TNF alpha, IL-6, IL-12, and nitric oxide (NO), and stimulate IL-10 in peritoneal macrophages and Raw 264.7 cells. Here we report on the specific VIP/PACAP receptors, transduction pathways, and transcriptional factors involved in the regulation of these macrophage factors by VIP and PACAP. Both neuropeptides inhibit IL-6 production mainly through PAC1 binding, PKC activation, and the subsequent shedding of the LPS receptor CD14 in macrophages. However, the effects on TNF alpha, IL-10, IL-12, and NO are mostly mediated through the constitutively expressed VPAC1 receptor, although the inducible expressed VPAC2 may also participate. VIP/PACAP binding to VPAC1 induces both a cAMP-dependent and a cAMP-independent pathways that regulate cytokine and NO production at the transcriptional level. VIP/PACAP inhibit TNF alpha through reduction in NFkB binding and changes in the composition of CRE-binding complexes; they inhibit IL-12 through reduction in NFkB binding and changes in the composition of the ets-2 complexes. VIP/PACAP inhibit iNOS expression through reduction in NFkB and IRF-1 binding, and augment IL-10 by increasing CREB-binding. Whereas the inhibition of IRF-1 and CRE-binding complexes seems to be mediated through the cAMP-dependent pathway, VIP/PACAP inhibition of NFkB nuclear translocation is mediated through a reduction in IkB alpha degradation mediated by the cAMP-independent pathway. This study provides new evidence for the understanding of the molecular mechanism by means of which VIP and PACAP attenuate the inflammatory response.

Titel:	Receptors and transcriptional factors involved in the anti-inflammatory activity of VIP and PACAP.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Leceta, J ; Gomariz, RP ; Martinez, C ; Abad, C ; Ganea, D ; Delgado, M
Link:	Zum Volltext
Zeitschrift:	Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Jg. 921 (2000), S. 92-102
Veröffentlichung:	2006- : New York, NY : Malden, MA : New York Academy of Sciences ; Blackwell ; <i>Original Publication</i>: New York, The Academy., 2000
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	0077-8923 (print)
DOI:	10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06954.x
Schlagwort:	Animals Cytokines biosynthesis Gene Expression Inflammation immunology Inflammation metabolism Interleukin-10 genetics Interleukin-12 genetics Lipopolysaccharide Receptors genetics Macrophages drug effects Macrophages immunology Macrophages metabolism Mice Models, Biological Nitric Oxide biosynthesis Nitric Oxide Synthase genetics Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide RNA, Messenger genetics RNA, Messenger metabolism Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I Receptors, Pituitary Hormone drug effects Receptors, Pituitary Hormone genetics Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide drug effects Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide genetics Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I Signal Transduction Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics Inflammation prevention & control Neuropeptides pharmacology Receptors, Pituitary Hormone metabolism Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide metabolism Transcription Factors metabolism Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide pharmacology
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Language: English [Ann N Y Acad Sci] 2000; Vol. 921, pp. 92-102. MeSH Terms: Inflammation / prevention & control ; Neuropeptides / pharmacology ; Receptors, Pituitary Hormone / metabolism ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / metabolism ; Transcription Factors / metabolism ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / pharmacology ; Animals ; Cytokines / biosynthesis ; Gene Expression ; Inflammation / immunology ; Inflammation / metabolism ; Interleukin-10 / genetics ; Interleukin-12 / genetics ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / genetics ; Macrophages / drug effects ; Macrophages / immunology ; Macrophages / metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Nitric Oxide / biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase / genetics ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide ; RNA, Messenger / genetics ; RNA, Messenger / metabolism ; Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide ; Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I ; Receptors, Pituitary Hormone / drug effects ; Receptors, Pituitary Hormone / genetics ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / drug effects ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / genetics ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics Grant Information: AI 41786-02 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Adcyap1 protein, mouse) ; 0 (Adcyap1r1 protein, mouse) ; 0 (Cytokines) ; 0 (Lipopolysaccharide Receptors) ; 0 (Neuropeptides) ; 0 (Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide) ; 0 (RNA, Messenger) ; 0 (Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide) ; 0 (Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I) ; 0 (Receptors, Pituitary Hormone) ; 0 (Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) ; 0 (Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II) ; 0 (Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I) ; 0 (Transcription Factors) ; 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) ; 0 (Vipr1 protein, mouse) ; 0 (Vipr2 protein, mouse) ; 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10) ; 187348-17-0 (Interleukin-12) ; 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) ; 37221-79-7 (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) ; EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase) ; EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II) ; EC 1.14.13.39 (Nos2 protein, mouse) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20010224 Date Completed: 20010201 Latest Revision: 20190616 Update Code: 20240513

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Receptors and transcriptional factors involved in the anti-inflammatory activity of VIP and PACAP.