»DELL'ITALIA NEI CONFINI / SON RIFATTI GLI ITALIANI«. ITALIJANSKI FAŠIZEM IN NJEGOV KONCEPT ITALIANITÀ.

This paper deals with the concept of Italianity as part of the Italian fascist ideology. A descriptive overview of the fundamental characteristics of the model is intertwined with a description of the means the fascist authorities used in trying to redesign the Italian national character. In addition, the paper explores the aspects of change and continuity that characterize the relationship between the fascist and the older nationalistic ideologies of italianità. Though certain notions of cultural belonging to Italianness can be found as early as the Middle Ages, italianità assumed a significant political role only in the 19th century, in the so-called risorgimento period. The national movement of the time linked the struggle to establish a nation state to demands for an emancipatory national renewal - the new Italian state would become a country of free individuals liberated from all vestiges of backwardness. The unrealized social revolution and the rapid changes in society at the turn of the century helped establish the so-called modernist nationalism in the early 20th century, which heavily infl uenced the subsequent fascist movement. The latter, after taking power, tried to carry out a radical anthropological revolution. In order to achieve this, the fascist regime employed the sophisticated process of the so-called aestheticization of politics as well as the capillary organization of the masses by means of various fascist professional associations. Even though the demand for palingenetic reform per se was based on an older heritage, fascism established its own national concept. Its central innovation lay in the demand for state and civil society to unite and form a total political community, and for Italianity to merge with fascist ideology. The liberal demands for emancipation disappeared. True Italian became a synonym of true fascist. The anthropological model for the Italian took the form of a fascist squadrista, who would, with his fighting spirit, vitality and loyalty to his country, bring Italy to the leading position among world powers. Following the mythological notion of being the heir to the Roman Empire (romanità), the ideology of Italian fascism understood its mission as the universal solution to the aporias of the modern era and as the salvation from the double danger of the egalitarianism of the Soviet Union and the hedonism of the Western democracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La ricerca vuole illustrare l'immagine dell'italianità, com'è stata sviluppata dall'ideologia fascista italiana, e del suo incrementtamento pratico. Il concetto è rappresentato soprattutto con l'ausilio di alcuni testi della ideologia fascista e della letteratura secondaria. Lo studio cercherà, a travesto il confronto delle caratteristiche dell' italianità fascista con la precedente tradizione nazionalista, di dare una risposta alla questione sulle rotture e sulle continuità che infl uenzano il passaggio dal concetto librale a quello fascista. Lo studio conclude che il fascismo formò un proprio modello nazionale che non può essere trattato soltanto come forma estrema del nazionalismo precedente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Razprava podaja podobo italijanskosti, kot jo je razvila ideologija italijanskega fašizma, ter politiko njenega praktičnega uveljavljanja. Koncept je predstavljen predvsem s pomočjo nekaterih fašističnih ideoloških besedil ter relevantne sekundarne literature. Preko primerjave značilnosti fašistične italianità s prejšnjo tradicijo nacionalizma skuša razprava podati odgovor na vprašanje o prelomih in kontinuitetah, ki zaznamujejo prehod od liberalnega do fašističnega koncepta. Ugotavlja, da je fašizem oblikoval lastni nacionalni model, ki ga ne moremo razumeti le kot skrajno obliko prejšnjega nacionalizma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]