Greenhouse gas emissions from sheep excreta deposited onto tropical pastures in Kenya.

To improve the estimate of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from tropical rangelands in sub-Saharan Africa, we measured GHG emissions from sheep excreta over two periods of 51 days on a Kenya rangeland. In addition, we measured GHG emissions from potential hotspots in the landscape linked to sheep grazing: overnight enclosures ("bomas"), where sheep are kept at night to protect them from theft and predators, the areas surrounding sheep bomas, and areas surrounding watering troughs. Results showed a short pulse of CO 2 fluxes after sheep urine application and a rapid increase of CH 4 fluxes following sheep dung application in both rainy and dry season. However, only small increases of N 2 O fluxes were observed after dung and urine applications compared to controls without excreta. Elevated N 2 O fluxes mainly coincided with heavy rainfall. Overall, N 2 O emission factors (EFs) did not vary across excreta type or seasons, but mean N 2 O EFs for dung (0.01%) and urine patches (0.02%) were only one tenth of the default EFs from the 2019 IPCC Refinement for dry climate. We did, however, find that bomas and watering troughs are sites of herd concentration that are important sources of GHG emissions in the landscape, and that emissions in these locations can remain elevated for months to years, especially when soil moisture is high. This study contributes to more robust estimates of GHG emissions from African livestock systems, which are fundamental to develop targeted mitigation strategies. • First report of in-situ measured GHG emissions from sheep excreta for Africa. • Dung and urine N 2 O emission factor are 10-times lower than IPCC defaults. • Livestock enclosures and congregation areas are overlooked GHG hotspots. • Seasonality did not affect excreta GHG emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]